三色电子墨水屏

简介

DFRobot FireBeetle萤火虫系列是专为物联网设计的低功耗开发组件，此款FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI）显示器模块搭载一块2.13寸212×104分辨率电子墨水屏，采用SPI接口，支持Arduino库和microPython编程。该产品适配FireBeetle系列主控板，体积小巧，布局紧凑，即插即用，具有低功耗功能，显示效果好的特点。相对传统电子墨水屏多了红色，显示效果好，同时还集成了GT30L24A3W中/外文字库芯片。但是相对传统黑白电子墨水屏1s以内的刷新速度，该屏幕刷新速度过慢（至少12s一次），仅适合静态图片或文字显示，不适合需要动态刷新显示数据的场合。

**注意：**该扩展板只适用于ESP32和ESP8266，不适用于FireBeetle BLE4.1。

技术规格

  • 输入电压：3.3V
  • 字库芯片GT30L24A3W：
    • 数据总线：SPI
    • 字符集：
      • GB18030 简繁体
      • 韩文（后期支持）
      • 日文（后期支持）
      • 国外文（后期支持）
      • 支持中、日、韩及多国的 Unicode（后期支持日、韩Uincode）
      • IS08859 及 CODE PAGE
    • 中文字号：12 点阵、16 点阵、24 点阵
    • 外文字号：16 点阵、24 点阵
    • 点阵排列方式：横置横排
    • 工作电流：12mA
  • 墨水屏GDEW0213Z16：
    • 数据总线：SPI
    • 颜色：黑白红三色
    • 屏幕尺寸：2.13''
    • 像素：212×104
    • 刷新时间：12~15s

功能示意图

Fig2:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI）功能示意图

PinOut

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI） PinOut

API列表

FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI）模块暂时只能支持16*16点阵的简体中文和16*8点阵的ASCII字符。更多字体、字号将在后期更新。

    #include "DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI.h"
    DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI eink; //创建一个ePaper对象
    /*
     * @函数功能：设定字库和墨水屏片选引脚并初始化。
     * @参数1 cs_W21: 墨水屏CS引脚。
     *     D3: 可用引脚（直插时）。
     *     D4: 可用引脚（直插时）。
     * @参数2 cs_GT30: 字库CS引脚
     *     D5: 可用引脚（直插时）。
     *     D6: 可用引脚（直插时）。
     * @参数3 dc: 墨水屏DC引脚
     *     D8: 可用引脚（直插时）。
     * @参数4 busy: 墨水屏BUSY引脚
     *     D7: 可用引脚（直插时）。
     */
    void begin(const char cs_W21, const char cs_GT30, const char dc, busy);
    /*
     * @函数功能：清除屏幕为指定颜色。
     * @参数 color: 颜色。
     *     BLACK: 黑色。
     *     WHITE: 白色。
     *     RED: 红色。
     */
    InkScreen_Error clear(uint8_t color);
    /*
     * @函数功能：显示图片（212*104），可以是红色、黑白、红白黑三色图片。
     * @参数1 pic_bw: 黑白图片。
     * @参数2 pic_red: 红色图片。
     */
    void drawPicture(const unsigned char *pic_bw, const unsigned char *pic_red);
    /*
     * @函数功能：刷新屏幕显示。
     */
    void flush(void);
    /*
     * @函数功能：显示字符串。
     * @参数1 (x,y)：坐标 (x∈(0,211),y∈(0,103)。
     * @参数2 ch：输入字符串。
     * @参数3 color：红色/黑色/白色。
     */
    void disString(uint8_t x, uint8_t y, char *ch, uint8_t color);
    /*
     * @函数功能：画点。
     * @参数1 (x,y)：坐标 (x∈(0,211),y∈(0,103)。
     * @参数2 color：红色/黑色/白色。
     */
    InkScreen_Error drawPoint(const unsigned char x, const unsigned char y, const unsigned char color);
    /*
     * @函数功能：画线。
     * @参数1 [(x1,y1),(x2,y2)]：直线端点坐标 (x1/x2∈(0,211),y1/y2∈(0,103))。
     * @参数2 color：红色/黑色/白色。
     */
    InkScreen_Error drawLine(uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint16_t x2, uint16_t y2, uint8_t color);
    /*
     * @函数功能：画矩形框。
     * @参数1 (x1,x2)：横坐标的起始坐标 (x1/x2∈(0,211))。
     * @参数2 (y1,y2)：纵坐标的起始坐标 (y1/y2∈(0,103))。
     * @参数3 color：红色/黑色/白色。
     */
    InkScreen_Error drawRectangle(uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint16_t x2, uint16_t y2, uint8_t color);
    /*
     * @函数功能：填充矩形。
     * @参数1 (x1,x2)：横坐标的起始坐标 (x1/x2∈(0,211))。
     * @参数2 (y1,y2)：纵坐标的起始坐标 (y1/y2∈(0,103))。
     * @参数3 color：红色/黑色/白色。
     */
    InkScreen_Error drawFillRect(uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint16_t x2, uint16_t y2, uint8_t color);
    /*
     * @函数功能：画圆形边框或者填充圆形。
     * @参数1 (xc,yc): 圆心坐标 (xc∈(0,211),yc∈(0,103)。
     * @参数2 r: 半径 (r<=52)。
     * @参数3 fill: 0:画圆形边框  1:填充圆形。
     * @参数4 color: 红色/黑色/白色。
     */
    InkScreen_Error drawCircle(uint16_t xc, uint16_t yc, uint16_t r, uint16_t fill, uint8_t color);

}

使用教程

准备

硬件

  • ESP32控制板 x1
  • FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Display Module模块 x1

软件

如何安装库文件，点击链接

画图

硬件连接

  • 将拨码开关选中D3和D6（D3是墨水屏CS引脚，D6是字库CS引脚），然后将FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Display Module模块与esp32直插即可。

代码样例

  • 将下列程序下载到ESP32控制板上

    #include "Arduino.h"
    #include "DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI.h"

    DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI eink;

    #define EINK_CS  D3
    #define Font_CS  D6
    #define EINK_DC  D8
    #define BUSY     D7

    void setup(void)
    {
        Serial.begin(115200);
        //Select the corresponding pins
        eink.begin(EINK_CS, Font_CS, EINK_DC, BUSY);

        //Clear the screen and display white
        eink.fillScreen(WHITE);
        //Let me draw a red dot
        for(uint8_t x=12,y=12; y<92; y+=2)
        {
            eink.drawPixel(x,y,RED);
        }
        //Draw two lines
        eink.drawLine(24,12,36,92,RED);
        eink.drawLine(36,12,24,92,RED);
        //Draw a red rectangle
        eink.drawRect(48,12,60,80,RED);
        //Fill a rectangle with black
        eink.fillRect(55,19,46,66,BLACK);
        //Draw a hollow circle
        eink.drawCircle(160,51,40,RED);
        //Draw a solid circle
        eink.fillCircle(160,51,30,BLACK);
        //Refresh screen display
        eink.flush();
    }

    void loop(void)
    {
        delay(8000);
    }

}

程序功能：展示包括画点、画线、画矩形框、填充矩形、画圆、填充圆。

效果展示：

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI）

字符串显示

硬件连接

将拨码开关选中D3和D6（D3是墨水屏CS引脚，D6是字库CS引脚），然后将FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Display Module模块与esp32直插即可。
代码样例

    #include "Arduino.h"
    #include "DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI.h"
    DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI eink;

    #define EINK_CS  D3
    #define Font_CS  D6
    #define EINK_DC  D8
    #define BUSY     D7

    void setup(void)
    {
        Serial.begin(115200);
        //Select the corresponding pins
        eink.begin(EINK_CS, Font_CS, EINK_DC, BUSY);

        //Clear the screen and display white
        eink.fillScreen(WHITE);
        //Displays a string, red font
        eink.disString(12,12,1,"DFRobot EINK 1234567890,!@#$%^&*()-+=",RED);
        //Refresh screen display
        eink.flush();
        delay(3000);

        //Displays a string, red font
        eink.disString(12,48,1,"DFRobot三色电子墨水屏测试程序",BLACK);
        //Refresh screen display
        eink.flush();
    }

    void loop(void)
    {
        delay(8000);
    }

}

程序功能：显示包括汉字、ASCII码字符、标点符号。

效果展示：

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI）

图片显示

硬件连接

将拨码开关选中D3和D6（D3是墨水屏CS引脚，D6是字库CS引脚），然后将FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Display Module模块与esp32直插即可。

代码样例

    #include "Arduino.h"
    #include "DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI.h"
    DFRobot_IL0376F_SPI eink;

    #define EINK_CS  D3
    #define Font_CS  D6
    #define EINK_DC  D8
    #define BUSY     D7

    const unsigned char  picBW[] =
    {
    0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,
    0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,
    0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X01,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
    0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
    0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,
    0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X87,
    0XFF,0X01,0XC0,0X08,0X00,0X40,0X00,0X83,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8F,0XFF,0X03,0XC0,
    0X0C,0X00,0X60,0X00,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0X03,0X67,0X86,0X01,0XC2,0X3C,
    0X0F,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0X03,0X67,0X06,0X01,0XC2,0X3C,0X0F,0XC3,0XE0,
    0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0XFB,0X07,0X3F,0XFF,0XBC,0X73,0XFB,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,
    0X8C,0XFB,0X07,0XFF,0XFF,0XBF,0XFF,0XFF,0X83,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0XFB,0X00,
    0XD9,0X81,0XBF,0XBF,0X7F,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0XFB,0X18,0XFE,0XFD,0X8F,
    0XBF,0XE1,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0XFB,0X18,0XFE,0XFD,0X8F,0XBF,0XE1,0XC3,
    0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0X03,0X63,0X06,0X0C,0X30,0X30,0X7F,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,
    0X00,0X8F,0XFF,0X79,0XC7,0X0E,0X3D,0XF2,0X7F,0X83,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8F,0XFF,
    0X78,0XC1,0X8E,0X0D,0XF3,0X7C,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X1F,0XF9,0XCE,
    0X4D,0XF0,0X6F,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X1F,0XFF,0XDE,0X4D,0XF8,0X6F,
    0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8F,0XDF,0X7B,0XFE,0XF0,0X0C,0X3F,0XEC,0X03,0XE0,0X00,
    0X00,0X00,0X8F,0XFF,0X7F,0XFE,0XF3,0XCF,0XFF,0XE7,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,
    0X78,0X7F,0XD8,0XF7,0XCF,0XFF,0X03,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8F,0X7F,0XDF,0X3E,
    0XF1,0XCD,0XEF,0XFF,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8F,0X7F,0XDF,0X3E,0XF1,0XCD,0XEF,
    0XFF,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X83,0X04,0X7E,0X18,0XC7,0X82,0X00,0X18,0XC3,0XE0,
    0X00,0X00,0X00,0X81,0XDF,0XDF,0X01,0XBC,0X0C,0X73,0X78,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,
    0X80,0XDF,0XDF,0X01,0XBC,0X0C,0X73,0X78,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X18,0XE0,
    0X1F,0XBF,0XFC,0X3F,0X6F,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X18,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X3C,
    0X3F,0X6F,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8C,0XC3,0X66,0X20,0X80,0X0F,0XFD,0XEF,0X03,
    0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X83,0X18,0X66,0X20,0X80,0X01,0X87,0XF8,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,
    0X00,0X83,0X18,0X66,0X20,0X7E,0X01,0X83,0X98,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X7B,
    0XE3,0XE0,0X7F,0X03,0XB3,0X7C,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0XFB,0XFF,0XE0,0XF7,
    0X03,0X93,0X7C,0X83,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0XC0,0XFF,0XC1,0XF3,0X83,0X83,0X0C,
    0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X8F,0X03,0XFB,0XCD,0XF3,0X91,0XEC,0X6F,0X03,0XE0,0X00,
    0X00,0X00,0X8F,0X03,0XFB,0XCF,0XF3,0X91,0XEC,0X6F,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,
    0X1C,0XC7,0XE1,0XF3,0X9F,0X81,0XEC,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X83,0XFF,0XC7,0XE0,
    0XF7,0X1F,0X9F,0XE4,0XC3,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X83,0XFB,0XC0,0XC0,0XFF,0X00,0X3F,
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    0X83,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,
    0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,
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    0X00,0X04,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X02,0X00,0X00,0X04,0X00,
    0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X02,0X00,0X00,0X04,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,
    0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X02,0X00,0X00,0X04,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,
    0X80,0X00,0X02,0X00,0X00,0X04,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X02,
    0X00,0X00,0X04,0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X02,0X00,0X00,0X04,
    0X00,0X00,0X03,0XE0,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X80,0X00,0X02,0X00,0X00,0X04,0X00,0X00,0X03,
    0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,
    0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,
    0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,
    0XFF,0XFF,0XFF,0XFF
    };

    const unsigned char  picRED[] =
    {
    0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,0X00,
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    void setup(void)
    {
        Serial.begin(115200);
        //Select the corresponding pins
        eink.begin(EINK_CS, Font_CS, EINK_DC, BUSY);

        /*********Only show the black images********/
        //Clear the screen and display white
        eink.fillScreen(WHITE);
        //Show a picture
        eink.drawPicture(picBW, NULL);
        //Refresh screen display
        eink.flush();
        delay(3000);

        /*********Only show the red image********/
        //Clear the screen and display white
        eink.fillScreen(WHITE);
        //Show a picture
        eink.drawPicture(NULL, picRED);
        //Refresh screen display
        eink.flush();
        delay(3000);

        /*********Show all images********/
        //Clear the screen and display white
        eink.fillScreen(WHITE);
        //Show a picture
        eink.drawPicture(picBW, picRED);
        //Refresh screen display
        eink.flush();
    }

    void loop(void)
    {
        delay(3000);
    }

}

程序功能：先显示图片黑白部分，返回显示红色部分，最后显示完整的三色图片。

效果展示： Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI）

图片取模教程

图片制作
由于三色ePaper能显示同时显示黑白图片和红色图片（屏幕上显示的三色图像其实是两张图片的合成），所以需要进行两次图片，取模，但是两次取模的方法一模一样，取模完成之后，分别将两个二进制数组复制到示例中的数组中即可。这款屏不支持灰度，在制作图片的时候，需要做成 212*104分辨率的纯黑白图片，保存为.bmp或者jpg 文件。

取模方法 取模可以采用 lcd-image-converter.exe 软件,备注：该软件已添加在DFRobot_epaper库下，操作步骤如下：

  • 打开一幅图片“xxx.jpg”。File->Open

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Black&White Display Module(SPI)

  • 设置图片旋转180°。Image->Rotate->180

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Black&White Display Module(SPI)

  • 打开菜单设置输出格式。Options->Conversion

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Black&White Display Module(SPI)

  • 按照下图设置参数。

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Black&White Display Module(SPI)

  • 设置参数之后，点击"Show Preview"。

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Black&White Display Module(SPI)

  • 将对话框中的二进制文件复制到示例中的数组中替换。

Fig3:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Black&White Display Module(SPI)

  • 然后，把程序下载到你的开发板上，图像就会显示在屏幕上。

兼容性测试

MCU 测试通过 测试失败 未测试 特别标注
FireBeetle-Board328P √
FireBeetle-ESP32 √
FireBeetle-ESP8266 √
Leonardo √

尺寸图

  • pin脚间距：2.54mm
  • 主板尺寸：32.00mm×60.00mm
  • 板厚：1.6mm

Fig1:FireBeetle Covers-ePaper Tircolor Display Module（SPI)尺寸图

常见问题

问：刷新的时候闪烁很长时间，正常吗？

  • 答：电子墨水屏对于阅读有众多的好处，因为成像原理，也存在几种难以克服的缺陷，其中就有闪屏和残影。多次翻页之后，墨迹积累到一定程度就会残留墨迹，为了解决这个问题，制造商设计了全屏刷新功能，但另一个问题就产生了，全屏刷新过程屏幕就会闪一会。

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