获取串口上可读取的数据的字节数。该数据是指已经到达并存储在接收缓存（共有64字节）中。available()继承自Stream实用类。
语法：

Serial.available()

Arduino Mega only: Serial1.available() Serial2.available() Serial3.available()

参数：
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返回值：

• 返回可读取的字节数

示例：

int incomingByte = 0;   // for incoming serial data

void setup() {
        Serial.begin(9600);     // opens serial port, sets data rate to 9600 bps
}

void loop() {

        // send data only when you receive data:
        if (Serial.available() > 0) {
                // read the incoming byte:
                incomingByte = Serial.read();

                // say what you got:
                Serial.print("I received: ");
                Serial.println(incomingByte, DEC);
        }
}

Arduino Mega example:
;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial1.begin(9600);

}

void loop() {
  // read from port 0, send to port 1:
  if (Serial.available()) {
    int inByte = Serial.read();
    Serial1.print(inByte, BYTE);

  }
  // read from port 1, send to port 0:
  if (Serial1.available()) {
    int inByte = Serial1.read();
    Serial.print(inByte, BYTE);
  }
}